Command line utilities 27,786 crates

vanisshVanity ed25119 OpenSSH key finder/generator708MPL-2.0Command line utilities dbwarriorCLI to detect slow and high-row queries in PostgreSQL707MITCommand line utilitiesDatabase interfaces palette-binApply an ACT palette to and optionally resize an image707MITCommand line utilities seaf-shareSeafile share CLI tool707MITCommand line utilities keyhog-corekeyhog-core: shared data model and detector specifications for the KeyHog secret scanner707MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools kimspectThe missing utility in kubectl to help you inspect container images on your pods and nodes.707MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilities beads-rsA distributed work-item database for agent swarms, using git as the sync layer706MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools lucky-pointA cross-platform CLI tool to recommend lucky ports based on system usage.706MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesNetwork programming duraktui card game 'durak'(fool) built with ratatui.706MITCommand line utilitiesGames smn_termA small, plugin-driven terminal UI framework in Rust, built on crossterm706MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilities ttrThe Terminal Typing Trainer – a fast, feature-rich typing trainer for the terminal, built in Rust.706MITCommand line utilities cuenv-releaseNative release management for cuenv - versioning, changelogs, and publishing706AGPL-3.0-or-laterCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools dealve-tuiDelve into game deals from your terminal 👾706MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilities lago-knowledgeKnowledge index engine — frontmatter parsing, wikilink extraction, scored search, and graph traversal for .md vaults706MITCommand line utilities snapsafeA lightning-fast, lightweight command-line tool for creating efficient directory snapshots705MITCommand line utilitiesFilesystem cargo-macrofmtFormat Rust macro attributes across multiple lines705MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools rustlan-best-todo-list-everactually the shittest todo list ever LOL705MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools system_healthA command-line tool to display system health information including battery status, RAM usage, and system resources705MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools dnsmToolkit for covert data exfiltration using DNS705MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools ontocore-pluginPlugin manifest discovery for OntoCore (v0.14 host foundation)704MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesParser implementations cli-commandA lightweight and ergonomic command-line argument parser for Rust704MITCommand line utilitiesParsing tools pakxCoreutils-style pack/unpack/endian/byte-handling CLI704Apache-2.0Command line utilities llm-transpileHigh-performance LLM context bridge — token-optimized document transpiler704Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesEncoding dojo-cliCompanion CLI app for Bitcoin Dojo703MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools::Build Utils noice-rsA minimal suckless-style file browser for the terminal with vim-like keybindings703MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesFilesystem vellaveto-configConfiguration parsing and validation for Vellaveto policies702MPL-2.0Command line utilitiesNetwork programming dic-structure-createrA CLI tool that reads tree-structured text files and generates folders and files accordingly.702MITCommand line utilities diprConverts the National Weather Service's (NWS) Digital Instantaneous Precipitation Rate (DIPR) radar product from its native data…702Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesScience::Geospatial distill-strip-ansiStrip, transform, and normalize ANSI escape sequences702MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesText processing splittSplit text in your terminal701MITCommand line utilities metronome-cliA command-line metronome designed to enhance your internal timing and harmonic intuition with features like beat muting, BPM…701Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesMultimedia::Audio gitauthorsCollect git author names and emails quickly701MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilities sysrunRun any executable as local SYSTEM account (no service required).700MITCommand line utilitiesOperating systems::Windows APIs with-proxyA CLI tool that reads proxy configuration from ${HOME}/.env and sets temporary proxy settings700MITCommand line utilities branchdiffTerminal UI showing unified diff of current branch vs its base699MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools agtraceThe official CLI for agtrace, built on top of agtrace-sdk. Visualize and analyze AI agent execution traces.699MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools::Debugging scaffoldedA powerful CLI tool for scaffolding production-ready Rust projects698MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools wallpaper-managerA wallpaper manager for Hyprland with GUI and multi-monitor support697MITCommand line utilities web-captureCLI and microservice to render web pages as HTML, Markdown, or PNG697UnlicenseCommand line utilitiesWeb programming claude-launcherA tool for managing parallel AI agent tasks with Claude697MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools shellijSimplify using Zellij over SSH.697non-standardCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools sigyeA beautiful terminal clock with ASCII art fonts697MITCommand line utilities random-jsonA CLI tool to generate random data from a JSON schema to fill databases.696MIT OR Apache-2.0Command-line interfaceCommand line utilities precursorPre-protocol payload tagging, similarity clustering, and packet/firmware triage CLI.696MIT OR UnlicenseCommand line utilitiesFilesystem fractoryTrack intent and flow, preserve context, and reconstruct sessions — for mosaic thinkers.695MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools commentorSmall tool for bulk commenting on GitHub pull requests, useful for triggering multiple github actions.695MITCommand line utilities carenageContinuous integration tool to assess the environmental impacts and energy consumption of an application in development.695Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools ontocore-robotROBOT CLI wrappers for OntoCore (ontocore-*)695MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesParser implementations md-url-extractorA CLI tool for extracting, cleaning, and exporting URLs from Markdown files.695MITCommand line utilities ztl-cliInteractive cli for running scripts from Package.json694MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilities rdf2hdtLibrary for converting a RDF data to HDT694BSD-3-ClauseCommand line utilitiesEncoding camel-cliCommand-line interface for Apache Camel in Rust694Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools trusty-reviewLLM-backed code review service — reviews GitHub PRs and unified diffs via AWS Bedrock or OpenRouter693MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools dither-qrA command line tool for generating QR codes with dithered image backgrounds.693non-standardCommand line utilities new-cargo-example-testRun all examples for any locally cloned crate692MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools::Cargo plugins rx-explorerA terminal-based file explorer692GPL-3.0Command line utilities commit-checkerA Git pre-commit hook tool that ensures daily commit requirements692MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools::Build Utils kira-scioDeterministic single-cell input reader stack for MTX/H5AD/BD Rhapsody in Kira tools.692MITAlgorithmsCommand line utilities sondaCLI for Sonda — synthetic telemetry generator for testing observability pipelines692MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools::Testing compactrsHigh-performance native Windows file compressor using WOF (Windows Overlay Filter)691MITCommand line utilitiesFilesystem shuck-runManaged shell interpreter resolution for shuck689MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools tdd-guard-rustRust test reporter for TDD Guard validation689MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools::Testing idearsA simple CLI to write and manage your ideas689non-standardCommand line utilities plex-media-organizerIntelligent media file organizer following Plex naming conventions689MITCommand line utilitiesFilesystem chunk-your-toolsMCP tool schema decomposition and recomposition689Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools cargo-rustapiThe official CLI tool for the RustAPI framework. Scaffold new projects, run development servers, and manage database migrations.689MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools qsolveA command-line tool for solving Queens puzzles688MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilities vcs-jjAutomate Jujutsu (jj) from Rust: a typed, async wrapper that drives the real jj CLI with its exact behavior.688MITAPI bindingsAsynchronous repoverlayOverlay config files into git repositories without committing them688MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools flowmaidMermaid-like diagram engine in pure std Rust (flowcharts, ER, UML class, sequence, pie, state, mindmap & user-journey diagrams):…687GPL-3.0-or-laterCommand line utilitiesVisualization graphify-rsAI-powered knowledge graph builder - transform code, docs, papers into queryable graphs686MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools memory-mcpMCP server for semantic memory — pure-Rust embeddings, vector search, git-backed storage685MIT OR Apache-2.0Artificial intelligenceCommand line utilities lldpcliImplementation of 802.1AB684Apache-2.0 OR MITCommand line utilitiesNetwork programming tokei-tokensCount your code, quickly.684MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools lmrc-cliCLI tool for scaffolding LMRC Stack infrastructure projects684MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools wow-alchemyUnified CLI for World of Warcraft file format parsing, conversion, and validation683Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesGame development khive-pack-knowledgeKnowledge verb pack — lore corpus (atoms/domains), TF-IDF retrieval, concept registration683Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDatabase interfaces noetlNoETL workflow automation CLI - Execute playbooks locally or orchestrate distributed pipelines683MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools vios_appSmall JSON vaults: Argon2id + AES-GCM, with optional AAD binding.682MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesCryptography memvid-cliCommand-line interface for Memvid v2 - AI memory with crash-safe, single-file storage682Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDatabase interfaces tsift-graphLanguage-aware graph extraction — call sites, routes, community detection, and path finding for tsift681MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools narsil-mcpA blazingly fast MCP server for code intelligence - enumerates repos, data structures, algorithms, and returns relevant code…681MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools grove-rsA Kanban-style TUI for parallel AI coding. Manage Git worktrees as tasks, run multiple agents in isolated tmux sessions, get…681MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools fsmonLightweight High-Performance File System Change Tracking Tool681MITCommand line utilitiesFilesystem pumlformatA formatter for plantuml source code.680MITCommand line utilities lldpdImplementation of 802.1AB680Apache-2.0 OR MITCommand line utilitiesNetwork programming adhpGet the 8 byte account discriminator for a Solana program using Anchor.680MITCommand line utilities ccboard-webWeb frontend for ccboard using Leptos + Axum680MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools penddo now, wait later – tiny job runner679MITCommand line utilitiesConcurrency rk-primesPrime number generator679MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesMathematics go-analyzerA high-performance Language Server Protocol (LSP) implementation for Go code analysis, providing real-time variable lifecycle…679MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools tokf-hook-typesShared hook and permission types for tokf integrations678MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools cmd-mfA spicy little command wrapper that provides audible feedback with attitude678MITCommand line utilities bwrapmanSandbox profile launcher for Bubblewrap.678MITCommand line utilities asimov-ollama-moduleASIMOV Ollama module.678UnlicenseCommand line utilitiesText processing ccboard-tuiTUI frontend for ccboard using Ratatui678MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools hifzrHifz-friendly Quran downloader & ayah playlist builder677MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilities capability-cliA CLI tool for designing, manipulating, and visualizing skill trees, with interactive commands and flexible data management.677GPL-3.0-onlyCommand line utilitiesData structures pdfrsPure Rust PDF toolkit: Markdown to PDF, merge/split/validate, Unicode/CJK, charts, thesis layout, CLI (pdfcli) and WASM — no…677Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesEncoding skillfile-deployPlatform adapters and installation for skillfile677Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools grepatchA command-line patch tool that processes grep output to apply text replacements to files676MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools droididGenerate quirky, sci-fi droid-style IDs like R2-D2, M8iwB, or X7qL. Millions of unique, short, human-readable identifiers.676MITCommand line utilitiesData structures aui-next-generatorCLI tool to generate Next.js projects with Tailwind CSS, TypeScript, ESLint, and optional React Query integration676MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools crlfixA cross-platform port of dos2unix written in Rust, converts text file line endings from CRLF to LF676MITCommand line utilitiesText processing dokedexA Rust cli for Dokedex, a godot game content authoring tool676MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesGame development pdmersA rust tool for PDF merging675MITCommand line utilities gcop-rsAI-powered Git commit message generator and code reviewer675MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools par-termCross-platform GPU-accelerated terminal emulator with inline graphics support (Sixel, iTerm2, Kitty)675MITCommand line utilitiesGUI minecraft-fancy-rcon-cliA Rust-based Minecraft RCON CLI with rustyline autocompletion.674MITCommand line utilities sct-rsLocal-first SNOMED CT toolchain: RF2 → NDJSON, SQLite, Parquet, Markdown, Arrow embeddings, and MCP server674AGPL-3.0-or-laterCommand line utilitiesScience crozierUltra-fast OpenAPI-to-SDK code generator that matches Fern's output, byte for byte.674Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools fws-rsan open source utility that facilitates selected tasks for creative usage of self-hosted Forgejo instances.673AGPL-3.0-onlyCommand line utilities project-versionA cross-language project version bumper for multiple project types673MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools awful_dataset_builderBuild LLM-ready Q/A datasets from reference text-to-question mappings produced by Awful Knowledge Synthesizer.673CC-BY-SA-4.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools volli-serverServer for volli672BUSL-1.1Command line utilitiesNetwork programming ani-lA terminal-based anime library and streamer.672LGPL-2.1-onlyCommand line utilitiesMultimedia::Video awful_book_sanitizerCLI to clean up OCR-mangled book excerpts into readable text using OpenAI-compatible APIs.671CC-BY-SA-4.0Command line utilitiesText processing nacm-validator-cliCLI for NACM (Network Access Control Model) validator with Tail-f ACM extensions and multiple configuration files support670MPL-2.0AuthenticationCommand line utilities magic_modbusA TUI tool written in Rust to make working with Modbus simple and easy670MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilities biovA uv-style tool manager for bioinformatics: reproducible Docker-backed tools with digest-pinned lockfiles (installs as `bv`)670Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesScience depsguardHarden package manager configs against supply chain attacks. Built by Arnica.670MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools facultiesAn office suite for AI agents: kanban, wiki, files, messaging, and a GORBIE-backed viewer — all persisted in a TribleSpace pile.669MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesData structures sorting-raceTerminal-based sorting algorithm race visualization tool with real-time metrics669MITAlgorithmsCommand line utilities aud2txtAudio to text tool using ggerganov's whisper.cpp668non-standardCommand line utilities mold-ai-tuiTerminal UI for mold — interactive AI image generation668MITCommand line utilitiesMultimedia::Images straymark-cliCLI for StrayMark — the cognitive discipline your AI-assisted projects need667MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools edge-agentDevice-host agent bridging IoT devices (Nuimo BLE controller) to services (Roon, Philips Hue) via a central weave-server667MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesHardware support atworkA Rust program that prevents idle states by simulating mouse movement every 3 seconds667MITCommand line utilities cshipA beautiful, fully customizable statusline for Claude Code — Starship-style TOML config, themeable colours, Nerd Font glyphs, and…667Apache-2.0Command line utilities mato🍅 Yet another pomodoro TUI timer667non-standardCommand line utilities qitopsSoftware Quality Assurance CLI for API, Performance, Security, and Web Testing667MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools::Testing gitfetch-rsNeofetch-style CLI tool for git providers (Rust port of gitfetch by Matars)667GPL-2.0-onlyCommand line utilities qmd-cliCLI for qmd - lightweight SOTA local search engine for AI agents667MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesText processing catatauA TUI EPUB reader with fuzzy search and navigation666MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesText processing dinfoA CLI tool to analyze disk usage: shows total size, top files, and top folders666MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilities arcan-sandboxProvider-agnostic SandboxProvider trait and core protocol types for Arcan666MITCommand line utilities dirioA simple CLI to track and report disk usage over some subcommand runtime665MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools vexy-vsvgCore library for vexy-vsvg SVG optimizer665Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesMultimedia::Images muffy-documentDocument types665MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools vramblkA block device that exposes GPU memory to userspace via a NBD server.665MITCommand line utilitiesNetwork programming check_hashesA fast and parallelized tool to detect duplicate files in a directory based on hashes.665MITCommand line utilitiesFilesystem mdlessA terminal-based markdown file viewer665Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesText processing arcan-storeAppend-only JSONL session persistence for Arcan agent events665MITCommand line utilities anodizerA Rust-native release automation tool inspired by GoReleaser664MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools xspringA tool to scaffold spring boot projects interactively like the vs code extension for scaffolding a spring boot project664MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools::Build Utils cargo-aprzAppraise the quality of Rust dependencies664MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools patentA prior-art search for your code ideas — has this dev tool already been shipped?664MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools sofosAn interactive AI coding agent for your terminal664Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools zerovaultFort-Knox document encryption vault with defense-in-depth security662MITCommand line utilitiesCryptography redactorSecure PDF redaction library with Type3 font support using MuPDF662MITCommand line utilitiesText processing zag-cliA unified CLI for AI coding agents — Claude, Codex, Gemini, Copilot, and Ollama662MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools asimov-openai-moduleASIMOV OpenAI module.662UnlicenseCommand line utilitiesText processing dsc-rsDiscourse CLI tool for managing multiple Discourse forums: track installs, run upgrades over SSH, manage emojis, sync topics and…662MITCommand line utilities memory-coreCore library for persistent AI agent memory661MITCommand line utilitiesDatabase interfaces nomograph-muxrTmux session manager for AI coding workflows661MITCommand line utilities ratatui-comfy-toasterAn advanced toast engine for ratatui. Timed toast notifications | Sticky toasts with left-click to dismiss & right-click to copy…661non-standardCommand-line interfaceCommand line utilities hallo-cliA dummy app to show my german greeting660MITCommand line utilities hyrcedDaemon providing remote command execution over HTTP660ISCCommand line utilities callgrind_differA tool to compare outputs of `callgrind_annotate` over time.660MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools::Profiling ballsGit-native task tracker for parallel agent workflows660MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools cortiq-gatewayUniversal LLM gateway with intelligent routing and an embedded multilingual admin console660Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesWeb programming::HTTP server shift-preflightMultimodal preflight layer for AI model inputs — inspect, transform, and optimize images before they reach the API660Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesMultimedia::Images ferris_swarmDistributed Video Encoder659GPL-3.0Command line utilitiesMultimedia::Encoding hostlist_iterA hostlist handling library659MIT OR Apache-2.0Command-line interfaceCommand line utilities termsweeperA terminal-based Minesweeper game written in Rust.659MITCommand line utilitiesGames arch-token-metadata-cliCLI for interacting with Arch Token Metadata program659MITCommand line utilities dbctl-cliA CLI tool to manage Dockerized databases like PostgreSQL, Redis, and MariaDB658Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools eitypeA wtype-like CLI tool and library for typing text using Emulated Input (EI) protocol on Wayland657Apache-2.0API bindingsCommand line utilities fact-toolsFACT (Fast Augmented Context Tools) - High-performance context processing engine for AI applications657MITAlgorithmsCaching anytlsA proxy protocol that attempts to mitigate the TLS in TLS fingerprinting problem657MITCommand line utilitiesNetwork programming shard-shellThe shell you deserve, written in Rust656MITCommand line utilities mudb-cliA CLI client for muDB, a RESP-based in-memory cache server written in Rust.656MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDatabase interfaces cli-image-to-asciiA library for rendering images as truecolor ANSI terminal art656MITCommand line utilitiesParser implementations ic-query-cliCommand-line wrapper for read-only Internet Computer metadata queries656MITCommand line utilities agcodex-tuiTerminal User Interface for AGCodex with mode switching support655Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools markdownlint-rsA fast, flexible, configuration-based command-line interface for linting Markdown/CommonMark files655UnlicenseCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools tetrationChunked tensor .tet format, tet CLI, and optional C ABI (tetration-ffi)654MIT or Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesEncoding claude-plan-bridgeBridges Claude Code's TaskCreate task list to a canonical PLAN.md so the two systems stop fighting. Provides hooks, an MCP…654MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools oct-orchestratoropencloudtool (oct)654Apache-2.0Command line utilities toggle-touchpadA command-line utility for enabling/disabling the touchpad.653MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilities welcome-msgA simple program that prints a welcome message on the terminal.653MITCommand line utilities perdixHigh-performance GPU-accelerated ring buffer for AI terminal multiplexing653MITAsynchronousCommand line utilities jumplist_parserA Rust library to parse Windows Jumplist files (automaticDestinations-ms and customDestinations-ms)653MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesFilesystem async_fsm_bakeA CLI tool to generate async_fsm code snippets from plantuml diagram.653MITCommand line utilities agcodex-execHeadless execution mode for AGCodex653Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools agcodex-mcp-serverModel Context Protocol server mode for AGCodex653Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools moonriverA terminal-based console for connecting to and interacting with Klipper instances via the Moonraker WebSocket API653MITCommand line utilities kpm-rsKubernetes Process Manager - systemd based PM2 alternative652MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools wasmsh-stateShell state management (variables, scopes, frames) for wasmsh652Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesParser implementations mdxportMarkdown to PDF via Typst — comrak AST, in-process compilation, LaTeX math support652MITCommand line utilitiesText processing opencodecommitAI-powered git commit message generator that delegates to terminal AI agents652MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools monitrA lightweight macOS activity monitor TUI built with Rust and Ratatui651MITCommand line utilities agentflow-coreShared types, configuration, themes, and error handling for the Flow workspace manager651MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools cli_grrs_rust_sampleA tool to search files650MITCommand line utilities siftdb-cliCommand-line interface for SiftDB - the high-performance grep-native database650MITCommand line utilitiesDatabase interfaces payload_packerA standalone tool for generating full and incremental Android OTA payloads for A/B devices.650Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesCompression fastqc-rustA Rust rewrite of FastQC - a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data650GPL-3.0-onlyCommand line utilitiesScience docgen-rsA Cargo-only static documentation-site generator. No npm, no Node.650MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools inaugurationRust CLI for the inauguration Swift toolchain experiments: embedded hybrid pipeline (AST refresh → frontend → SIL analysis wave),…650MPL-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools aprender-monte-carloMonte Carlo simulations for finance, stock market, and business forecasting650MITAlgorithmsCommand line utilities