CATEGORY

Encoding 6,158 crates

Data as of 2026-07-25 (crates.io database dump, timestamp 2026-07-25T02:00:36Z). Source: crates.io · db-dump.tar.gz · methodology & corrections.

lnmp-envelopeOperational metadata envelope for LNMP records912MITData structuresEncoding lamco-clipboard-coreClipboard format conversion and synchronization utilities - MIME/Windows format mapping, loop detection, chunked transfer engine911MIT OR Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding regxmlSMPTE ST 2001-1 RegXML fragment builder and XSD schema generator for MXF metadata908MITEncodingMultimedia format-endeSet of traits allowing to encode/decode data from/to a generic format907Apache-2.0EncodingFilesystem orderbyteLibrary for reading/writing numbers in big-endian and little-endian.906MITEncodingNo standard library templated_uri_macros_implMacros for the templated_uri crate.906MITEncodingParser implementations qsv-calamineAn Excel/OpenDocument Spreadsheets reader and deserializer in pure rust903MITEncodingParsing tools remotia-profilation-utilsProfilation utilities for remotia, an open source framework for the development of remote rendering software in pure Rust902MITCompressionEncoding ailake-parquetParquet reader/writer with VECTOR column type for the AI-Lake format901MIT OR Apache-2.0Data structuresDatabase interfaces wstr-literal_implProc macros for building UTF-16 null-terminated arrays at compile time.901MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingOperating systems::Windows APIs apollo-saphyr-parserA fully YAML 1.2 compliant YAML library900MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingParser implementations numcodecs-stochastic-roundingStochastic rounding codec implementation for the numcodecs API897MPL-2.0CompressionEncoding cosmrs_minor_changeTransaction builder and signer for Cosmos-based blockchains893Apache-2.0CryptographyCryptography::Cryptocurrencies pwtCreate, verify and decode protobuf web tokens - with protobuf instead of prost888 BSD-3-ClauseAuthenticationEncoding apollo-saphyrA fully YAML 1.2 compliant YAML library885MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingParser implementations milky-typesRust implementation of the Milky protocol884MIT OR Apache-2.0API bindingsData structures dicom-toolkit-coreFoundation types and utilities for the dicom-toolkit-rs DICOM toolkit882MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingParser implementations just-kdlSmall streaming KDL parser879MIT OR Apache-2.0ConfigurationEncoding lean-rs-worker-protocolWire protocol and shared value types for the lean-rs worker process boundary.878MIT OR Apache-2.0API bindingsEncoding tsoracle-codecShared version-prefixed postcard codec: one `[version_byte | postcard(value)]` framing re-used across the tsoracle toolkits so an…876Apache-2.0Database implementationsEncoding simple-color-paletteA Rust implementation of the Simple Color Palette format876MITEncodingParser implementations puz-parseA Rust library for parsing .puz crossword puzzle files873MITEncodingGames dotnet-binary-ioReads and writes buffers using the same encoding rules as .NET's `System.IO.BinaryWriter`.869MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingParsing tools openmassspec-coreShared types, traits, and mzML writer for open Rust mass-spec parsers.863Apache-2.0EncodingScience jmap-typesShared JMAP wire types (RFC 8620) for the jmap-* crate family863MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingNetwork programming this-domThis.DOM Data Formatter861MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesEncoding base64url_nopadFast, efficient, correct, and const base64url without padding encoding and decoding859MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingNo standard library::No dynamic allocation oamp-typesOpen Agent Memory Protocol (OAMP) types for Rust855MITData structuresEncoding bsbparser and codec for BSB protocol852MIT OR Apache-2.0Embedded developmentEncoding haagentiNext-generation compression library with LZ4, Zstd, Brotli, and Deflate support849MIT OR Apache-2.0CompressionEncoding bilrost-protoA protobuf serializer847Apache-2.0Encoding carbon-pancake-swap-decoderCarbon PancakeSwap Decoder846MITEncoding jpegli-rsPure Rust JPEG encoder/decoder - port of Google's jpegli with perceptual optimizations843AGPL-3.0-or-laterEncodingMultimedia::Images templated_uri_macrosMacros for the templated_uri crate.843MITEncodingParser implementations templated_uriStandards-compliant URI handling with templating, validation, and data classification843MITEncodingParser implementations dicom-toolkit-dictDICOM data dictionary, tag constants, VR definitions, and transfer syntax registry839MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingParser implementations nitrogen-instruction-builderSolana instruction builder for nitrogen IDL encoder framework839MITEncoding osc-codec-jsonExperimental JSON codec for osc-ir intermediate representation833MIT OR Apache-2.0Encoding crabka-remote-storage-topicTopic-backed RemoteLogMetadataManager for Crabka tiered storage833Apache-2.0Database implementationsEncoding openproteo-coreShared types, traits, and mzML writer for open Rust mass-spec parsers.833Apache-2.0EncodingScience ptarsFast conversion from protobuf to Apache Arrow and back832Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding lightstreamComposable, zero-copy Arrow IPC and native data streaming for Rust with SIMD-aligned I/O, async support, and memory-mapping.829MPL-2.0AsynchronousData structures tx2-linkBinary protocol for syncing ECS worlds with field-level delta compression825MITEncodingGame development fionn-simdSIMD-accelerated utilities for fionn824MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingParsing tools crabka-records-legacyKafka v0/v1 MessageSet (legacy) codec and v2 RecordBatch bridge823Apache-2.0EncodingParser implementations toon-encodeMinimal TOON encoder — Token-Oriented Object Notation for LLM output822MITEncoding serde-devoA shared type compatibility helper820MITEncodingParsing tools data-encoding-v3Development branch of data-encoding 3.0.0818MITEncodingNo standard library mfsk-corePure-Rust WSJT-family decoders + synthesisers (FT8 FT4 FST4 WSPR JT9 JT65 Q65) behind a zero-cost Protocol trait. Host (rustfft)…810GPL-3.0-or-laterEmbedded developmentEncoding numcodecs-sperrSPERR codec implementation for the numcodecs API808MPL-2.0CompressionEncoding epcmanagerEPC text tool for RFID806Apache-2.0CompressionEncoding serde_atproto_dagjsonAt protocol's version of DAG-JSON support for Serde.802MIT OR Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding lnmp-codecParser and encoder for LNMP (LLM Native Minimal Protocol) text format802MITEncodingParser implementations dicom-toolkit-dataCore DICOM data structures, file I/O, and encoding/decoding801MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingParser implementations rubo4eRust implementation of the BO4E energy-market data standard800MIT OR Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding oxify-modelData models and types for OxiFY workflows, execution, and configuration799Apache-2.0ConfigurationData structures protobuf-forensic-coreSchemaless Protocol Buffers wire-format decoder for forensics — decode raw protobuf bytes with no .proto into a recursive field…799Apache-2.0EncodingParser implementations get-data-urlA library to fetch HTTP resources and convert them to Data URLs798MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingWeb programming mailrs-rfc2047RFC 2047 MIME encoded-word decoder. Decodes =?charset?(B|Q)?text?= subjects + display names to UTF-8. Supports the full WHATWG…796Apache-2.0 OR MITEmailEncoding bas64Base64, but a bit smaller. Hints the name... not recommended for advanced projects but simple scripts! Because Base64 made decode…795MITEncoding pixpackFile visual encoding: pack any file into a PNG cell grid with BLAKE3 integrity, and decode it back byte-for-byte.795MITCommand line utilitiesEncoding hedl-jsonHEDL to/from JSON conversion795Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding ubidFixed-width random identifiers with Crockford base32 encoding.793MITEncoding darkbio-cobsFast COBS encoder and decoder791BSD-3-ClauseEncoding rdf-parsersError-tolerant RDF/SPARQL parsers (Turtle, TriG, N3, N-Triples, SPARQL) using an A* search algorithm to recover from malformed…789MITEncodingParser implementations prtgn_encodingEncoding and decoding for the PRTGN file format783GPL-3.0Command-line interfaceEncoding hotfix-storeMessage store traits and implementations for the HotFIX engine780MITEncodingFinance toml-scaffoldGenerate commented TOML scaffolds from Rust structs and values774MITConfigurationEncoding hwpforgeProgrammatic control of Korean HWP/HWPX documents — read, write, and convert Hancom 한글 files774MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingInternationalization (i18n) gift-binCommand-line utility for GIF images774MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingMultimedia serde_risonA serde implementation for the RISON data format773MITEncodingParser implementations bytepunch-rsProfile-aware semantic compression for structured documents (CML and beyond)771MITCompressionEncoding wafrift-encodingPayload encoding strategies and header obfuscation for WAF evasion.771MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingNetwork programming rmppPrecise types for RMP770MITEncodingParsing tools facet-shapelikeSerializable owned versions of Facet shape types - enables persisting and transmitting type metadata769MIT OR Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding chuckA non-self-describing text data format that is just all-around kind of stupid767GPL-3.0-or-laterEncoding embeddenator-ioEnvelope format and serialization for Embeddenator763MITData structuresEncoding openzl_sddl_deriveGenerate OpenZL SDDL definitions from Rust structs763MITCompressionDevelopment tools pq2xlA simple command line tool for converting parquet files to xlsx or csv762MITCommand line utilitiesEncoding fbeFast Binary Encoding (FBE) for Rust - High-performance, zero-copy binary serialization with 100% C++ FBE parity and binary…762MITData structuresEncoding bitflareA `no_std` friendly simple framing format759MITEncoding oxibonsai-tokenizerPure Rust BPE tokenizer for OxiBonsai (MeCrab-compatible)754Apache-2.0EncodingText processing supply-chain-trust-crate-000019A JSON serialization file format753MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingNo standard library osom_encoders_commonCommon utilities for osom_encoders_* projects.753MITCompilersEncoding cross-crypto-rsLibrería de criptografía en Rust compatible con Python y JavaScript753Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesCryptography gexfLightweight Rust library to export graphs in the GEXF format (Gephi)752MITEncoding rosetta-uuidA wrapper implementation of UUID providing binary diesel bindings for SQLite and PostgreSQL, and redis serialization support.751MITData structuresDatabase interfaces supply-chain-trust-example-crate-000059Library for reading/writing numbers in big-endian and little-endian.749Unlicense OR MITEncodingNo standard library loctokCount LOC (lines of code) & TOK (LLM tokens), fast.749MIT OR Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesDevelopment tools tibet-zip-coreCore tibet-zip block format, TIBET envelope, and zstd frame handling749MIT OR Apache-2.0CompressionCryptography webots-proto-schemaVersioned schemas, typed nodes, and validation for Webots PROTO.749MITData structuresEncoding fiscal-coreCore types, tax calculations, and XML builder for Brazilian fiscal documents749MITEncoding hdf5-coreShared HDF5 format types, constants, and validation helpers748MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingParser implementations pixoA minimal-dependency, high-performance image compression library746MITCompressionEncoding e9571_json_libA Rust crate for JSON serialization, deserialization, and non-standard JSON parsing746MITEncodingParsing tools json-structureJSON Structure schema validation library for Rust744MITEncodingParser implementations nanobitUltra-fast binary serialization with multi-format compression and zero-copy deserialization743Apache-2.0CompressionData structures rsjson-luaa json lua module using the serde-json rust crate741MITEncoding ailake-fileSelf-contained AI-Lake file writer/reader — Parquet extended with HNSW footer740MIT OR Apache-2.0Database interfacesEncoding memorypackA rust implementation of Cysharp/MemoryPack740MITEncodingParsing tools skanSkan is a Rust-native, Java Scanner-inspired library that provides type-safe, convenient methods for parsing various data types…738MITCommand line utilitiesDevelopment tools perl-uri-classifyURI classification and key normalization helpers for Perl LSP738MIT OR Apache-2.0Development toolsEncoding proto-blue-repoAT Protocol repository: MST, CAR files, commits, block storage736MIT OR Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding base64-turboThe fastest memory-safe Base64 engine. Formally verified (Kani/MIRI). Features runtime AVX2/AVX512 detection, NEON acceleration,…736MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingHardware support easy_ipc_deriveEasy interprocess communication framework732non-standardEncoding fionn-opsOperations and processors for fionn732MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingParsing tools conv_bit컴퓨터 구조 학습을 위한 숫자 진법 변환 라이브러리729GPL-3.0-or-laterAlgorithmsCommand line utilities supply-chain-trust-crate-000007encodes and decodes base64 as bytes or utf8728MIT OR Apache-2.0Encoding veks-anodeSelf-describing binary wire formats for structured metadata (MNode), predicate trees (PNode), and annotation nodes (ANode)724Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding wstr-literalProc macros for building UTF-16 null-terminated arrays at compile time.717MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingOperating systems::Windows APIs coapum-senmlRust implementation of Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) RFC 8428717MIT OR Apache-2.0Data structuresEmbedded development jzon-rsZero-copy JSON serialization with compile-time generated typed parsers717MITEncodingParsing tools steam-protosSteam protocol protobuf message definitions for Rust (pre-generated, no build script).716MITAPI bindingsEncoding hedl-lintHEDL linting and best practices validation716Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding rapidgeo-polylineFast Google Polyline Algorithm encoding/decoding for geographic coordinates713MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingScience::Geospatial om-file-format-c-rsRust bindings for om-file-format C code712AGPL-3.0CompressionEncoding tirea-protocol-ai-sdk-v6Vercel AI SDK v6 UI Message Stream encoding and input adapters for tirea707MIT OR Apache-2.0AsynchronousEncoding ww2oggConvert Wwise RIFF/RIFX Vorbis audio files (.wem) to standard Ogg Vorbis format705BSD-3-ClauseEncodingMultimedia::Audio na_nbtHigh-performance NBT (Named Binary Tag) library with zero-copy parsing and serde support705MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingGame development buswatch-typesCore types for message bus observability - the universal schema for buswatch705Apache-2.0Data structuresDevelopment tools::Debugging llm-transpileHigh-performance LLM context bridge — token-optimized document transpiler704Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesEncoding tdln-proofTDLN — proof bundle (deterministic translation proof + optional DV25 signatures).702MITCryptographyEncoding image-gameboyConvert images to Game Boy-compatible 2bpp format701MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingGame development factorio-prototypes-jsonRust types that parse Factorio's Prototype JSON Format.699MITEncoding bytenA binary codec library for efficient encoding and decoding of data structures699MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingParsing tools carbon-vertigo-decoderVertigo DEX Program Decoder699MITEncoding osc-irExperimental protocol-agnostic Intermediate Representation for OSC data compatible with JSON/MessagePack697MIT OR Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding ldappostaladdrLDAP postal address parsing (zero-copy) and escape / unescape utilities697MITEncodingNo standard library facet-zodGenerate Zod schemas from Rust types via Facet reflection696MIT OR Apache-2.0Development toolsEncoding rdf2hdtLibrary for converting a RDF data to HDT694BSD-3-ClauseCommand line utilitiesEncoding stego_rustLibrary for image steganography with AES-256-GCM encryption and Argon2id key derivation692GPL-3.0CryptographyEncoding tensogram-encodingsEncoding pipeline and compression codec registry for the Tensogram message format690Apache-2.0CompressionEncoding overpunch_ngRobust and extensible signed overpunch parsing and formatting for Rust Decimals689MITEncodingParsing tools uuencode_liteA lightweight implementation of uuencode and uudecode in Rust686MITEncoding syncular-protocolWire protocol and integrity types for Rust-first Syncular clients.684Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding supply-chain-trust-example-crate-000009A generic serialization/deserialization framework682MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingNo standard library ubl-cryptoUBL crypto helpers: SK wrapper, KID, HMAC, did:key, batch verify for Universal Business Ledger.682MIT OR Apache-2.0CryptographyData structures jzon-rs-serdeSerde-compatible JSON engine backed by jzon's SIMD scanner682MITEncodingParsing tools shapely-peekOne trait for reflection, serialization, deserialization680MIT OR Apache-2.0Data structuresDevelopment tools carbon-bubblegum-decoderBubblegum Program Decoder680MITEncoding webots-protoFacade crate for parsing, templating, resolving, and validating Webots PROTO.679MITEncodingParser implementations commonmeta-schemaCommonmeta JSON Schemas and conformance fixtures678MITEncodingParser implementations rskit-codecPluggable structured-text codecs (TOML/JSON) over a shared value tree, with value-tree merge677MITEncodingParsing tools turbomcp-wireWire format codec abstraction for TurboMCP - JSON-RPC encoding/decoding677MITEncodingNetwork programming pdfrsPure Rust PDF toolkit: Markdown to PDF, merge/split/validate, Unicode/CJK, charts, thesis layout, CLI (pdfcli) and WASM — no…677Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesEncoding usb-descriptor-decoderA no-std extensible USB Descriptor Decoder, support organize Descriptors as tree structure676MIT OR Apache-2.0Embedded developmentEncoding carbon-meteora-vault-decoderMeteora vault program decoder673MITEncoding hedl-testShared test fixtures and utilities for HEDL format converters673Apache-2.0Data structuresEncoding jsonguardInput inspection and output sanitization for JSON/JSONL, CSV, and TSV — guards against formula injection, bidi-override,…672MITEncodingParser implementations hotfix-webWeb API and optional dashboard for the HotFIX engine672MITEncodingFinance seuilA complete, safe JSONata implementation in Rust — JSON query, transform, and expression evaluation670Apache-2.0CompilersData structures mailrs-rfc2231RFC 2231 MIME parameter encoder + decoder. Handles non-ASCII filenames in Content-Type / Content-Disposition (e.g.…670Apache-2.0 OR MITEmailEncoding fdm-toolkitfdm-toolkit is a crate for reading and writing 4D Miner (0.2.1.4 Alpha) game-data.669MITConfigurationData structures s3p-coreBlockNet S³P core: chunking, AEAD, RS erasure, Merkle669Apache-2.0CryptographyEncoding steam-friend-codeEncode and decode Steam CS:GO/CS2 friend codes and short Steam quick-invite codes.668MITAPI bindingsEncoding mailrs-mail-builderRFC 5322 / 2046 / 2047 / 2231 outbound mail builder. Constructs canonically-compliant raw bytes for plain-text,…668Apache-2.0 OR MITEmailEncoding crabka-schema-registryConfluent Schema Registry-compatible REST service for Crabka (binary: crabka-schema-registry)664Apache-2.0EncodingWeb programming::HTTP server hotfix-web-uiWeb dashboard UI components for the HotFIX engine664MITEncodingFinance gpu-video-azulA library for hardware video coding using Vulkan Video, with wgpu integration (azul fork of gpu-video 0.4.0: adds an NVIDIA…661MITEncodingGraphics cavs-protoCVSP wire protocol types for CAVS content delivery (manifests, sessions, binary batches).660Apache-2.0EncodingNetwork programming inputx-pinyinSelf-developed Mandarin Pinyin input method engine — segmenter, fuzzy syllables, zero-dependency self-built finite-state index…657MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingInternationalization (i18n) ntp_usg-protoNTP protocol types, extension fields, and NTS cryptographic primitives.656Apache-2.0 OR MITDate and timeEncoding mitoxide-protoProtocol definitions and codec for Mitoxide655MITEncodingNetwork programming tetrationChunked tensor .tet format, tet CLI, and optional C ABI (tetration-ffi)654MIT or Apache-2.0Command line utilitiesEncoding muhexA zero-dependencies, SIMD enabled hex crate651MIT OR Apache-2.0Encoding osal-rs-serde-deriveDerive macros for osal-rs-serde serialization framework646LGPL-2.1-or-laterEmbedded developmentEncoding carbon-dflow-aggregator-v4-decoderDflow Aggregator V4 Decoder645MITEncoding bytes2charslazy utf-8 decoder iterator with rich errors642MITEncodingNo standard library nitrogen-circle-message-transmitter-v2-encodernitrogen-circle-message-transmitter-v2-encoder639MITEncoding qubit-codecCore codec traits and buffer conversion primitives for Rust637Apache-2.0EncodingRust patterns capnp-jsonCap'n Proto JSON codec for capnp-rust636MITEncodingNetwork programming audio_samples_ioA Rust library for audio input and output operations.636MITEncodingMultimedia rusty-haystack-coreCore types, codecs, and data structures for Project Haystack635MITEncodingNetwork programming fyamlSafe Rust bindings for libfyaml YAML parser with DOM navigation, path queries, and serde-compatible Value type634MITEncodingParsing tools fionn-streamStreaming JSON/JSONL processing for fionn631MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingParsing tools fast-osmpbfFast OSM PBF parser for Rust630MIT OR Apache-2.0API bindingsConcurrency fyaml-sysRust FFI bindings for libfyaml (maintained fork of libfyaml-sys)629MITAPI bindingsEncoding hyprwire-coreWire format, message types, and protocol traits for the Hyprwire IPC protocol627BSD-3-ClauseEncodingNetwork programming crabgraphA safe, ergonomic, high-performance cryptographic library for Rust built on audited primitives627MIT OR Apache-2.0AuthenticationCryptography mailrs-imap-formatIMAP wire-format helpers (RFC 9051): FLAGS / INTERNALDATE / quoted string / address structures / BODY[…] section extraction /…626Apache-2.0 OR MITEmailEncoding xlrdA historical Excel BIFF8 xls format file reader in pure Rust624MITEncodingParsing tools gamesonHTMX server-side rendering framework for Rust, based on Axum.623non-standardEncoding lamco-rdpRDP protocol implementations and IronRDP extensions for Rust, by Lamco Development622MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingNetwork programming moosicbox_opusMoosicBox Opus codec decoder implementation for Symphonia622MPL-2.0EncodingMultimedia mnem-coreContent-addressed versioned substrate for AI agent memory - the core of mnem.619Apache-2.0Data structuresDatabase interfaces carbon-cargo-decoderRust decoder for Star Atlas Cargo program on Solana619Apache-2.0Encoding synta-krb5Kerberos V5 and GSSAPI ASN.1 structures for the synta library618MIT OR Apache-2.0CryptographyEncoding tasd-macrosProcedural macros for the tasd crate617MITData structuresEncoding carbon-crafting-decoderRust decoder for Star Atlas Crafting program on Solana617Apache-2.0Encoding oai-pmh-rsA robust, spec-compliant OAI-PMH implementation for Rust with optional Actix Web integration613Apache-2.0EncodingParser implementations cavs-formatThe .cavs binary container format: streaming writer, hardened reader, Ed25519 signing.613Apache-2.0CompressionEncoding fix-codec-rsHigh-performance FIX protocol encoder/decoder for low-latency trading systems612MITEncodingFinance lamco-rdp-inputRDP input event translation - keyboard scancodes to evdev keycodes, mouse handling, multi-monitor coordinates, by Lamco…609MIT OR Apache-2.0EncodingNetwork programming gbp-flatFlatBuffers codec for the Group Protocol Stack (GBP/GTP/GAP/GSP). Alternative wire format to CBOR per gbp_rfc §12.2.609Apache-2.0CryptographyEncoding tensogramFast binary N-tensor message format for scientific data — encode, decode, file I/O, streaming608Apache-2.0EncodingScience jim-rsImmediate mode JSON serialization library607MITEncoding csv_ingestLibrary for parsing CSV files. It focuses on high throughput, low memory, and correctness by default.607MITData structuresEncoding gbp-protoProtobuf codec for the Group Protocol Stack (GBP/GTP/GAP/GSP). Alternative wire format to CBOR per gbp_rfc §12.2.607Apache-2.0CryptographyEncoding layer-tl-typesAuto-generated Telegram TL types: constructors, functions, enums (Layer 224)604MIT OR Apache-2.0API bindingsEncoding serde_sqlStream serde structs into SQLite INSERT statements using a reusable buffer.603MITDatabase interfacesEncoding